Toxicity of Avicennia officinalis leaf extracts using different solvents

Authors

  • Irwan Irwan Program Studi Teknologi Industri Hasil Perikanan , Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
  • Iis Safitri Sari Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, Jl. Kota Pelajar dan Mahasiswa, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Aceh, Indonesia
  • Ilham Zulfahmi Program Studi Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan, Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

Keywords:

Avicennia officinalis; mangrove; bioactive compounds; toxicity; Artemia salina; GC-MS

Abstract

Mangrove apple (Avicennia officinalis) is a coastal mangrove species known to contain natural compounds with potential biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of A. officinalis leaf extracts obtained using different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) through the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The extracts were tested at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 ppm against Artemia salina larvae, with five replicates per treatment and 20 larvae per replicate. The results showed that all extracts exhibited toxic activity, with LC₅₀ values of 431.73 ppm for ethanol, 305.65 ppm for ethyl acetate, and 371.56 ppm for n-hexane extracts. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest toxicity, as indicated by its lowest LC₅₀ value. GC-MS analysis revealed several classes of chemical compounds, including alcohols, esters, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, organic acids, and terpenoids. Among these, terpenoids may contribute to the observed toxicity against A. salina larvae, although their specific roles require further investigation. These findings indicate that solvent selection influences the toxicity and chemical profiles of A. officinalis leaf extracts, with ethyl acetate showing the greatest potential for further bioactivity-guided investigations

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Published

2026-05-31

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1: May 2026

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Articles

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How to Cite

Toxicity of Avicennia officinalis leaf extracts using different solvents. (2026). Arwana: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Perairan, 8(1), 66-72. https://journal.umuslim.ac.id/index.php/jipsbp/article/view/3818