Mercury concentration and safe consumption limits of hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) from the Waters of West Aceh, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51179/jipsbp.v8i1.3820Keywords:
Mercury; Sphyrna lewini; hammerhead shark; mercury accumulation; safe consumption limit; West AcehAbstract
Mercury (Hg) contamination in marine organisms is a major environmental concern due to its potential risk to human health through seafood consumption. Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) is a high trophic-level predator that may accumulate mercury in its tissues. This study aimed to determine mercury concentrations and estimate the safe consumption limits of S. lewini from West Aceh waters, Indonesia. A total of 15 shark specimens were collected from fishermen's landings and categorized based on total length. Mercury concentrations in muscle tissues were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Safe consumption limits were estimated by calculating the Maximum Tolerable Intake (MTI) and Maximum Weekly Intake (MWI) based on mercury concentrations, body weight, and reference exposure limits. The results showed that mercury concentrations ranged from 0.074 to 0.200 mg/kg, with an average of 0.135 mg/kg, remaining below the maximum mercury limit of 0.5 mg/kg stipulated in SNI 7387:2009, as adopted in this study. The highest mean mercury concentration was found in sharks measuring 2.6–3.0 m in total length (0.155 ± 0.019 mg/kg), while the lowest was recorded in the 3.1–3.5 m size group (0.101 ± 0.028 mg/kg). The estimated MTI values for adults ranged from 1.617 to 2.473 kg/week, with an overall average of 1.848 kg/week. These findings indicate that mercury concentrations in the examined S. lewini specimens were below the reference limit used in this study. However, regular mercury monitoring and careful evaluation of consumption recommendations remain necessary due to the potential for mercury bioaccumulation in high trophic-level predators.
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